When starting to design a waste treatment process flow, the first step is for the design team and the project initiator to conduct in-depth research and evaluation of the following key elements:

Waste Characteristics Analysis: First, it is essential to understand the specific properties of the waste to be treated, including but not limited to its composition and moisture content. This information is crucial for subsequent process selection.

Process Route Decision: Next, both parties need to jointly determine the overall approach to the treatment process: whether to adopt a resource recovery route, an energy conversion route, or a combination of both.

Market Potential Assessment: In addition, it is necessary to analyze the potential market for recycled or energy conversion materials. This includes research on the local market and an assessment of the growth trend of the potential market value of different recycled materials.

Only after a comprehensive understanding and consensus on the above information can the process flow design develop in a direction that is rational, practical, and maximizes economic benefits.

From a macro perspective of solid waste management, due to insufficient classification and treatment technologies and facilities, many regions have not yet achieved integrated management from collection to treatment. Governments need to use policy measures to incentivize the development of efficient technologies to fill this gap. To achieve a comprehensive waste sorting and treatment model in the Solid Waste Industry 3.0 era—comprising "residential sorting and disposal," "front-end sorting and collection," "mid-stream sorting and treatment," and "end-end sorting and treatment"—the government needs to promote the establishment of waste sorting and treatment industrial parks. This involves integrating various waste treatment resources and enhancing the collaborative processing capacity of existing facilities to compensate for technological and facility deficiencies, ultimately achieving rational incineration and harmless landfill disposal.

Regarding the construction and operation of waste treatment facilities, domestic standards vary widely. High-quality waste treatment production lines rely on efficient process design, technical support, expensive imported equipment, site construction, and strict post-construction management. These often require financial support from central and local governments. Before the Solid Waste Industry 3.0 era, many production lines directly imitated foreign technologies and equipment. In the 3.0 era, however, we place greater emphasis on developing waste sorting and treatment technologies suitable for China's national conditions. Therefore, practitioners in the solid waste industry need to dedicate themselves to developing waste treatment technologies and production lines with Chinese characteristics, emphasizing technological innovation, highlighting the social contribution of ecological value, and minimizing or eliminating reliance on government subsidies.